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I am perplexed and would love to hear of others experiences.
The ratio of Males to females I am rearing is extremely concerning. 90/10 in favour of males. The over wintering butterflies really should be as many females as possible. or at least 50/50.
Earlier in the season (nov- dec 2017) I had more females, probably 60/40. But since february 2018 the ratio is more like 10/90. Without checking my records or doing proper math, approximately every 18 butterflies I hatch there are only 2-3 females. I stockpile hatchlings for up to 3 days then release at local reserves in optimum conditions after feeding honey water.
I have no hard evidence of why I have so many more males than females emerge. Things ive factored are than if chrysalis are inside then temp is more consistent, and not as much UV. Although i do try to take my inside chrysalis laden plants outside as much as i can manage on windless days. (wellington northerlies are extreme where I live).
I have raised 150-180 monarchs over 2 seasons, not all tagged though. Most of the chrysalis are inside. Just before i think they will curl i take them inside onto my set plants. Something i am almost positive of is that butterflies from inside chrysalis are noticeably larger than outside chrysalis.
Im looking forward to any confirmations or advice anyone may have.
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